1
Easy2Siksha
GNDU ī„¯ī…Ĩī„šī„Ž ī„¯ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ-2021
ī„ąī…„ī„—/ī„ąī…„ī„˜ī„ēī„ēī…„ 5ī„¸ ī„ ī„ēī„ŗī…‰ī„ēī„Ĩī„ĩ
ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Ž
(ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„)
ī„ēī„ŗ ī„ ī„ŗī„Žī„žī…†ī„ĩ: 3 ī„žī…œī„Ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī…ƒī„­ī„›ī„Ēī„ŗ ī„‘ī…œī„›:75
ī„Žī…‹ī„Ĩ: ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„› ī„˛ ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„žī…žī„Ĩī…‹-ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„¸ ī„ļ ī„ ī……ī„Š ī„›ī…‡, ī„›ī……ī…žī„ļ ī„¯ī…œī„ĸ ī„ēī„¸ ī„ļ ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„šī„š ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„¯ī…œī„ĸī„¸ ī„ ī„ēī„¸ ī„ļ
ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„˛ ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī„ĸ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„—
1. ī„ąī……ī„ļī…‡ī…ƒī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰? ī„•ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„› ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„Ž ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„•ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š
ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
2. ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ ī„ĩ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„Ž ī„ļ ī„ģī…„, ī„ĩī…‹ī„ž ī„Ž ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›
ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„ąī…„
3. ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ī„” ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‹ī„”? ī„“ī…žī„› ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī…ƒī„ēī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸī„›ī…žī„ļī…§
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ ī„¸ ī„ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
4. ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļ ī„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‡ http ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī…ƒī„›ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹: GET, HEAD, POSTîĨĄ ī„¯ ī„™, ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩ ī„™, ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‡ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‹,
ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯, ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‰ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī…ƒī„›ī„ģī„ŋī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī…ƒī„›ī„ģ ī„ĸ ī„ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰? ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
?
2
Easy2Siksha
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„ēī…„
5. "FTP" ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģ TCP/IP ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„›ī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ē ī„ģī…‰? FTP ī„Ž ī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ąī…œī…ƒī„­ī„Ē
ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
6. "ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„" ī„Ēī…Œ ī„Ēī……ī„ģ ī„§ ī„›ī…„ ī„ŗī„Ēī„ļī„ą ī„ģī…‰? ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸ ī„ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„° ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„§ī…„
7. ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰? ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„Ē ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī„Ŧī„ŗ ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ļī„œī…‹ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗ ī„™îĨĄ
8. HTML ī„ēī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļ ī…ƒī„ļī„œī…‡ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹:
(I) ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī„ī……ī„Š
(ii) ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„° ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē
(iii) ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„îĨĄ
3
Easy2Siksha
GNDU ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ ī„¯ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ-2021
ī„ąī…„ī„—/ī„ąī…„ī„˜ī„ēī„ēī…„ 5ī„¸ ī„ ī„ēī„ŗī…‰ī„ēī„Ĩī„ĩ
ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Ž
(ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„)
ī„ēī„ŗ ī„ ī„ŗī„Žī„žī…†ī„ĩ: 3 ī„žī…œī„Ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī…ƒī„­ī„›ī„Ēī„ŗ ī„‘ī…œī„›:75
ī„Žī…‹ī„Ĩ: ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„› ī„˛ ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„žī…žī„Ĩī…‹-ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„¸ ī„ļ ī„ ī……ī„Š ī„›ī…‡, ī„›ī……ī…žī„ļ ī„¯ī…œī„ĸ ī„ēī„¸ ī„ļ ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„šī„š ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„¯ī…œī„ĸī„¸ ī„ ī„ēī„¸ ī„ļ
ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„˛ ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī„ĸ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„—
1. ī„ąī……ī„ļī…‡ī…ƒī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰? ī„•ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„› ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„Ž ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„•ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š
ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ:ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ąī……ī„ļī…‡ī…ƒī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ (BBS) ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ, ī„ŗī…‚ī„§ī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„°ī…‹ī„Ž ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž, ī„ēī……ī„Žī…‡ī…ƒī„ģī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž-ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ 1970 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„‘ī„œī…„ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…žī„› 1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ēī„Ž, ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„¯ī„ĩī„ēī„¯ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„ļī„” ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‡
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ēī„Ž ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„‘ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„•ī„˛ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
BBS ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰?
ī„“ī…žī„› BBS ī„ļī…‚ī„žī„ŗī…„ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„ĸī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī…‚ī„§ī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…€ī…‹ī„Ž ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡
ī„§ī…‚ī„“ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š 'ī„Ēī…‡, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī„Žī„Ēī„› ī„ēī…œī„Ŧī…‡ī„š ī„¯ī…‹ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž,
ī…ƒī„Žī…žī„ĸī…„ ī„ēī…œī„Ŧī…‡ī„š ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„§ī…‚ī„–ī„Žī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„¯ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ BBSs ī„Žī…‡
ī„ŗī„ļī„Ĩī…„ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„ī…‡ī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„Ŧī…„
ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„Žī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„îĨĄ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī…‚ī„§ī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ ī„ļī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…„
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī…žī„Ŧī…‡ī„Žī„žī„ĩ ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩ ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„šī…ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ
ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…„ BBS, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ēī„Ŧī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗ "CBBS" (ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„”ī„žī„§ ī„ąī……ī„ļī…‡ī…ƒī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ), ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩī„§ ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„ēī„Ĩī…‡ī„Žī„ēī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„ĩī…Šī„§ī…„ ī„ēī…†ī„ē ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ 1978 ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„Žī„› ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„šī…ī„›ī…„ī„Ž ī„ēī„ŗī…†ī„ģ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„ąī„ĩī„°ī…„ī„ļī…‡ ī„Ēī…†ī„°ī…‚ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…ī„ĩī…‚ī„Ž ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„
ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„°ī…‰ī„ļ ī…ƒī„ī„’îĨĄ , ī„’ī„œī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ēī…œī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„˛ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  BBS ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…žī„ļ
ī„‘ī„ī„¸ī…‚ī„” ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
4
Easy2Siksha
ī„ąī……ī„ļī…‡ī…ƒī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ ī„¸ ī„ ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„¸ī„› ī„ē
BBSs ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…ī„ĩī…‚ī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„Žī„› ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„ ī„¸ī„ĸī…Œ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŽîĨĄ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„›
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī…€ī…‹ī„Ž ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„§ī…‚ī„“ī„ļ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚, ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩ BBSs ī„Žī…‡ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡, ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī…†ī„ģī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„
ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„îĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…‹ī„ĸī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„” ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī…‚ī„§ī„ŗ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ ī„ī„—, BBSs ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…„
ī„¸ī„­ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ī„”îĨĄ 1980 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , BBS ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”
ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„šī…‡ī„‘ī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„, ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ī…‡ī„ŗī…‚ī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī…ƒī„› ANSI ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„— ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī„ēîĨĄ
1980 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī…žī„­ ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī…ƒī„°ī„§ī…‹ī„Žī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„›ī…œī„ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ BBSs ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Ŧī…†ī„ĸī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī…ƒī„ī„’îĨĄ
BBSs ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„“ī„ē ī„’ī„¯ī„ēī…„ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„Žī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…‡, ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„, ī…ƒī„ĸī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚
ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…„ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī„ģī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ ī„ĩī„ ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‚ ī„ļī…‰ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī…ƒī„°ī„§ī…‹ī„Žī…‡ī„Ĩ, ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ BBS ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„›, ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ 1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī…žī„­ ī„Ēī…žī„› 35,000 ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„Žī…‹ī„§ ī„ēī„ŽîĨĄ
1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī„ĩī„ļī„§ ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ, BBS ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ēī„ąī„Ŧī…„ī„ļī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„îĨĄ 1993 ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī…‹ī„žī…‡ī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī„ļ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„žī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„
ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„Žī…‡ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…‚ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ąī…„.ī„ąī…„.ī„˜ī…žī„ē. ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡
ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…Œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„ŗī„’ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„“ī„Ēī…„ BBS ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ģī…ī„ļī…„ ī„ģī…ī„ļī…„ ī…ƒī„ī„ĩī…‚ī„¸ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„œī…„ ī„ī„” ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„›
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‹ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„, ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ĩī…‹ī„žī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ąī„Š ī„ī„— ī„ēī„ŽîĨĄ
BBS ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’?
1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„œī…„ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ 2000 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„Ēī…žī„› BBS ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„ī„ĩī…‚ī„¸ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī„”
ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī„Ž:
1. ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„¸ī„› ī„ē:1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī…ƒī„¸ī„ēī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„ī„Ē BBS
ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‚ī„“ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„, ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚
ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„ąī„Šī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚îĨĄ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ļī„§ ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„Žī…‡ ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩ BBS ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…‚ī„— ī„ĸī…‚ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡, ī„‘ī„ļī…žī„-
ī„Ģī„ļī…žī„ ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…Œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„šī…„ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š
ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
2. ī„ī…Ĩ ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī„ļ ī„´ī…†ī„žī„ĩ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē: ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ēī…„ BBS ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„ēī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„ļī„”
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„ŗī……ī„ģī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī„ļ
ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„•ī„žī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„ī„ŗī„Ž ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ, ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„Žī…‡ī„¸ī…„ī„ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„˛ī„¸ī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…Ĩī„šī„Ĩī…„ī„ī„Ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡
ī„’ī„›ī„ĩī„šī„› ī„ąī„Šī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ BBS ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī„›ī…‚ī„ąī„ļī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„šī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„’ī„›ī„ĩī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
3. ī„ēī…‹ī„šī„ļ ī„ŗī…„ī„§ī…„ī„’ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‹ī„ĩī„ŗ:MySpace, Facebook, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Reddit ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ BBSs
ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…‡ ī„¯ī…‰ī„ŗī…‚ī„Žī…‡ 'ī„Ēī…‡îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ-ī„¸ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī„ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī„ļī„Ĩī…„ī„ŗī…„ī„§ī…„ī„’ ī„šī…‡ī„‘ī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„ ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„ąī„ģī„Ēī„ĩ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ, BBS
ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē, ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„Ē ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„žī„Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—, ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„šī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„îĨĄ
5
Easy2Siksha
4. ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„¸ī„Ĩī…„: BBS ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī…‹ī„§ī„ŗ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ī„Ēī…„ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī„›ī…‚ī„ąī„ļī…‡ ī„ģī…ī„ļī…„ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ BBS ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚
ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī„” ī„žī…œī„Ĩī…‡ ī„ļī…žī„ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī„ī„Ēī…„
ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„Ēī……ī„ĩī…œī„Ē ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„šī…‡ī„‘ī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ąī…„ī„ąī…„ī„˜ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ēī„Ē
ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„ī„ĩī…‚ī„¸ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ąī…‚ī„¸ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ, BBS ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„ēī…‚ī„§ī…‡ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž
ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„°ī…‹ī„ĩī„ŗ, ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī…ƒī„ŗī„–ī…ƒī„Žī„Ĩī…„ī„ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī…‹ī„šī„ļ
ī„ŗī…„ī„§ī…„ī„’ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„¸ī…„ BBSs ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„“ī„ē ī„ŗī…‚ī„ŗī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„ģ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„
ī„’ī„¯ī„ēī…„ ī„Ēī…‚ī„ļī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ, ī„ŗī…‰ī„ēī…‡ī…ƒī„ĸī…œī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„šī…‡ī„‘ī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ģī…†ī„ļī„Ē ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„‘ī„ēī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„œī…‚ī„ē BBS
ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„ĸī…‹ ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…‡, ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī…‹ī„ĩ
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī„›ī…‚ī„ąī„ļī…‡ BBS ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„Ŧī„ī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‹ī„›ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„‘ī…œī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ,ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› ī„ąī…„.ī„ąī…„.ī„˜ī…žī„ē. ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„ģī……ī„Š ī„™ī„Žī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ ī…ƒī„ļī„Ē ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„ĸī…œī„Žī…‡ ī„•ī„ģ ī„‘ī„Ēī…„ī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī„Ž,
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„•ī…žī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„Ŧī…žī…ƒī„ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚îĨĄ ī„•ī„ģ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ŗī…‹ī„¨ī…„ ī„ēī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„Žī…‚ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„ĸī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„ĸī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„‘ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ
ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‚ ī„ļī…Šī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‚ī„
2. ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ ī„ĩ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„Ž ī„ļ ī„ģī…„, ī„ĩī…‹ī„ž ī„Ž ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›
ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„ĸī„¸ ī„ą: ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ ī„ĩ
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Žī„› ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…ī„ĸī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…†ī…œī„žī…„ ī„ĸī„ŋī…§ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„›ī„ģī…‚ī„Šī…„ 1950 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„‘ī„œī…„ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī…„ī„Ē ī„´ī……ī…žī„­ ī„Ŧī…ī„ĩī…‚ī„Ž ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„ģī…‹ī„” ī„ēī…„, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī„´ī…†ī„˜ī„ē ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„°ī…‹ī„Ž ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„•ī…žī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‹ī„¸ī…„ī„‘ī„Ē ī„ģī„ŗī„ļī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„§ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ
ī„ ī„ļī…„ ī„ī„” ī„ēī…„îĨĄ ī„ĸī„¸ī…‚ī„ą ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„´ī…†ī„˜ī„ē ī…ƒī„§ī„¯ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ĩī„ŗī…Šī„Ĩ ī„’ī…€ ī…ƒī„§ī„°ī…Šī„ē ī„Žī…‡ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„œī…‹ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„‘ī„ī„¸ī…‚ī„” ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”
ī„˜ī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„ī„ēī„§ ī…ƒī„ĩī„ēī„ĩī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„—ī„ĸī…œī„ēī…„ (ARPA) ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„” ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī„ ī„›ī…„ī„ļī…‚ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī„ī…‡îĨĄ 1960 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡
ī„Ēī…žī„›, ARPA ī„Žī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ēī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„¸ī…‡ī„ī…‚, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ARPANET
ī…ƒī„›ī„ģī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ˆī„Ŧī„ĩī…„ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī…„ ī„ģī„ŗī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī…‚ī„ģī„ŗī„Šī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ
ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„›îĨĄ ARPANET 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ ī„ēī„°ī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ 1969 ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’ ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ
ī„›ī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„°ī…‹ī„ĩī„Žī…„ī„’ ī„´ī…†ī„Žī…„ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„ēī„Ĩī…„, ī„ļī…‚ī„ē ī„—ī„ī„ĸī„ļī„ē (UCLA) ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‰ī„Žī„°ī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ēī…œī„Ŧī…‡ī„š
"LOGIN" ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž-ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚, ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„‘ī…žī„œī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī…‰ī„š ī„ģī…‹
ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ
ARPANET ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„°ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…žī„Ģ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Žī„¸ī…„ī„Žī„Ēī…‚ ī„¯ī…‰ī„›ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„ēī…ƒī„¸ī…ƒī„ ī…œī„ ī„ēī…„, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡ ī„¯ī…‰ī„›ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…œī„§ī„Š ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‚ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī„›ī…‚ī„¨ ī„Žī…‡ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’
ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī……ī„›ī„ēī…‚ī„Žī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„˛ī…‚ī„ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„ļī…‡-ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ļī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī„ŋ-ī„ĩī…†ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ē ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„
ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„¸ī„Ĩī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„” ī„ĩī…žī„œī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ 1970 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„­ ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Š
6
Easy2Siksha
ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ēī…ƒī„ģī„ĸ ī„ģī…‹ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„, ī…ƒī„¸ī„Žī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ēī…‡ī„ĩī„° ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī…ī„ą ī„›ī…‚ī„ģī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„­ī…œī„Žī„¸ī…‚ī„Ŧ, ī…ƒī„ĸī„Žī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī…ƒī„ŗī„šī„Ž ī„›ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī…‹ī„ļ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ/ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ (ī„Ĩī…„ī„ēī…„ī„¯ī…„/ī„’ī„”ī„¯ī…„) ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ - ī„ąī……ī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„¸ī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‚ī„, ī„•ī„ģ 1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„•ī…žī„˛ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ēī…„ ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ CERN ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Žī…„ ī…ƒī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„ąī„ĩī„Žī„ĩī„ē-ī„ļī…„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ļī„§ ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą (WWW) ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ ī„“ī„ē
ī„Žī„¸ī…„
ī„
ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„ļī…‹ī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī„ēī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‡ī„žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ļī…œī„› ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī…‹ī„žī…‡ī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„žī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ĩī…‚ī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ēī…žī„›
ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„ēī„›ī…‡ī„¯ ī„ąī„Š ī…ƒī„ī„’îĨĄ
. 1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„­ ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī„¸ī„ĩī„ļī„§ ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„Žī…‡ ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„ ī„ēī…„, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„, ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„“ī…œī„ĸī„Šī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„¯ī…‚ī„ĩī„› ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ
ī„ĩī…‹ī„ž ī„Ž ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›
ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ, ī„ĩī…‹ī„žī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ļī„ī„˛ī„ ī„ģī„ĩ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…† ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„ļī…‚ī„žī„ŗī…„ ī„ģī…‰. ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ, ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩī…„,
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī…ƒī„œī„’, ī„ŗī„Žī…‹ī„ĩī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī…ƒī„ĸī„› ī„ēī„ąī…œī„­ī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„ŗī…‡ī„Ē ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…†ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ąī…†ī…œī„ģī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī…ƒī„¯ī„– ī…ƒī„ĩī„ēī„ĩī„ 
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ, ī…ƒī„ąī…žī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„˛ī……ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī…ƒī„Ĩī„›ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Šī…‚, ī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„Žī…‡ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī…ƒī„›
ī„ŗī……ī„ļī…‚ī„›ī…‚ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ī„Ēī…„ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„¸ī…„ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ģī…‹ ī„ī„”ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Š ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ļī„”, 55%
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„°ī„ļī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„“ī„¸ī…Šī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī…ƒī„Ĩī„›ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ 44% ī„ąī…Šī…ƒī„›ī…œī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī…ƒī„ąī…žī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„˛ī……ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„Ž ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„ŗī„Žī…‹ī„ĩī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…„ ī„‘ī…ƒī„ģī„ŗ ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„˛ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ 46% ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ī…‡ī…ƒī„ŗī…œī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ 23% ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„ēī…œī„ī…„ī„Ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ĩī…‡ī„§ī…„ī„™ ī„ēī……ī„Šī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž
ī„ēī„Ĩī…Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„ŗī…œī„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī„¯ī…ī„§ī„›ī…‚ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ YouTube ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ŗī„Žī…‹ī„ĩī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„œī„Š ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„¯ī…‡ī„š
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī„Ēī…Œ ī„“ī„ļī…‚ī„¸ī…‚, ī„°ī…‡ī„ēī„ąī……ī…žī„›, ī„“ī…œī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„ēī…‹ī„šī„ļ ī„ŗī…„ī„§ī…„ī„’ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„ļī…‹ī„›ī…‚ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„“ī„› ī„Ŧī…†ī„ĸī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ī…žī„ļī„ąī…‚ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŧī„ąī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„œī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‡ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī…€ī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„’ī„, ī„‘ī…žī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„ĸī…„ ī„ŗī…„ī„ļ ī„¯ī…žī„Ģī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ēī……ī„ĩī…œī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„’ī„¯ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„Žī…‚ ī„¯ī…‰ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‡ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ļī…Šī„§ī„ēī„›ī…‡ī„¯ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī…ƒī„ĩī„ŗī…‹ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ, ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī…ƒī„ģī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„¸ī„ĩī„ ī……ī„‘ī„ļ ī„ŗī…„ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ī…‚ī„ ī„ģī……ī„Š ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„•ī„Ŧī„´ī…‹ī„ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„ŗ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„¸ī„ĩī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„šī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī…ƒī„ģī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĩī…„ī„‘ī„ļ-ī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ŗ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…„ī„’ī„ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„žī…†ī„ŗ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„›ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‚ī„°ī„Ĩ ī„Ĩī…„ī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ī„§ī…„ī„™
ī„›ī…‚ī„Žī„°ī„ĩī…œī…ƒī„ēī…œī„ ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļī„ē ī„ĩī…‚ī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ĸī……ī„ŋ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…‡ ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„ēī…ƒī„ģī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„ąī„Šī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰,
ī„´ī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī„Ē ī„žī„Ĩī…‚ī„” ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī„›ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī……ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„Ĩī„›ī…„ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī……ī„ŋ ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„˜ī„ŗī…‚ī„žī…‚ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„”ī„ąī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„›ī…œī„¯ī„Žī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„›ī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„ļī…‹ī„› ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„œī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ģī……ī„Š ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„›ī…ƒī„ļī…žī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„Ŧī……ī„Žī…„ī„’ ī„˛ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž
ī„ēī„ŗ ī…ƒī„ĸī„› ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĩ ī„ĸī„Žī…„ī„Ēī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ ī„¸
ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī„› ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī…ƒī„ĸī„› ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡, ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ļī…‹ī„›ī„Ēī…œī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ŧī„ąī„ĩī…‚ī„,
ī…ƒī„¸ī„Ŧī„¸ī„Ēī…‚ ī„˛ī„ĩī„¯ī…†ī„ĩ ī„ļī…‡ī„œ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
7
Easy2Siksha
ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„“ī„ģ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ ī……ī„Šī…ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„’ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ī„ļī„Ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„°ī…‰ī„ļī„Šī…‚, ī„”ī„›ī…‹ ī„ ī…Šī„ąī„ĩ,
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī…‹ī„¯ī„Žī…„ī„´ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„ ī…œī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„îĨĄ ī„ēī…‹ī„šī„ļ ī„ŗī…„ī„§ī…„ī„’ ī„˜ī„ļī„ī…‹ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ŧī„ŗ, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĩī……ī„Ŗī…‡ ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Š ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ
ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„ģī„Ž, ī„›ī„” ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ "ī…ƒī„°ī„ļī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„ąī……ī„ļī„ąī……ī„ļī…‡" ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„°ī„ē ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„•ī„ģ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„¸ī…‚ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„Ŧī……ī„Žī…„ī„’ ī„˛ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ēī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…„ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ģī…‹ī„Šī…‚ ī…ƒī„¯ī„’ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„ąī„ĩ
ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„ī…‹ī„¯ī„Žī…„ī„´ī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ąī…œī„­ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ îĨĄ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ī„Ēī…„ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„
ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ ī„ļī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„ĸī…„ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„Ēī…‚ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„•ī…žī„  ī„ąī„Š ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„ąī„ĩ
ī„ģī„ŗī„ļī…‡, ī„¯ī„Ąī…‚ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī…‹ī„ĩī…„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„•ī„ļī…œī„žī„Šī…‚ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„Žī„¸ī…ˆ ī„œī„Ēī„ĩī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ēī…‚ī„ģī„ŗī„Šī…‡ ī„’ī„— ī„ģī„Ž
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„’ī…€ ī…ƒī„Ģī…œī„ī„ž (IoT) ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„˛ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„› ī„ē
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī„ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ēī„ĩī„ģī…žī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‰ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„’ī…€ ī…ƒī„Ģī…œī„ī„ž (IoT)
— ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„ĩī…‚ī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ĩī…‹ī„žī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„’ī„¯ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī„Žī…‚îĨĄ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī„Ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ļī…‰ ī„›ī…‡ ī„°ī…ƒī„ĩī…žī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē
ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„ģī……ī„Š ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ-ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…žī„Ģ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„Žī„¸ī…ˆ ī„ŗī…ī„›ī…‡ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ ī……ī„Šī…ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„¯ī…‰ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„’ī„•ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡
ī„ēī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  IoT ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¸ī„­ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„•ī„ŗī…„ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰, 2030 ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ī„žī„Ž 30 ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī…„ī„‘ī„Ž
ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
. ī„“ī„ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„žī„ĩī…‡ī„ļī…† ī„’ī„Ĩī…‹ī„ŗī…‡ī„šī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ēī„ģī„Ē ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„ļ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī…ƒī„› ī„šī…ƒī„ģī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„§ī…†ī…œī„žī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„ģī…‹ī„Šī„ī…‡,
ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„¯ī„›ī„ĩī„Š ī„ĩī…‹ī„žī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ąī……ī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„¸ī„Ĩī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī„ģ ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…‚ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī…‰ ī„›ī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī…ƒī„ ī…œī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī…‰ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī…ƒī„ĸī…œī„Žī…‡ ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚
ī„´ī…œī„Ēī„ĩ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„•ī„ļī…œī„žī„Šī…‚ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„ąī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ŧī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ ī„™ī„Žī…‚ ī„ģī…„ ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ēī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„›ī…œī„¯ī„Žī…„ī„’ī„ ī„“ī„Žī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĩī…‰ī„ī…†ī„ļī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„Žī…‹ī„¸ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„ĩī…‚ī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…žī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ĩī„ģī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‡ 1960 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„œī…„ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ļī…‰ ī„›ī…‡ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ļī…œī„ŗī…‚ ī„ēī…€ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…‰ī„‘ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ĸī…‹
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„°ī…ī„ĸī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’ ī„ēī…„ ī„•ī„ģ ī„ģī……ī„Š ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„¸ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī…„ ī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ēī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ ī…ƒī„ī„’
ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ŗī„Žī……ī…ž ī„œī…„ ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ļī„ī„˛ī„ ī„ģī„ĩ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…† ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ąī…†ī…œī„ģī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„Šī„ĸ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ļī…‰ ī„›ī…‡ ī„ŗī„Žī…‹ī„ĩī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ēī…žī…ƒī„œī„’
ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„šī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„ēī…œī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„Šī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ-ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ
ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…‹ī„ĸī…„ ī„‘ī…žī„ī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„Ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„Žī„¸ī…„ī„Žī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ ī„ļī…‚ī„•ī„Š, ī„ļī…‹ī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ž,
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„Ŧī„´ī…‹ī„ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Š ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„˛ī…‚ī„—ī„ī…‚îĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…žī„›ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„Žī„¸ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ ī……ī„Šī…ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„’ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’, ī„ī…‹ī„¯ī„Žī…„ī„´ī„Ēī…‚ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Žī…‰ī…ƒī„Ēī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„
ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ îĨĄ
8
Easy2Siksha
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„ąī…„
3. ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ī„” ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‹ī„”? ī„“ī…žī„› ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī…ƒī„ēī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸī„›ī…žī„ļī…§
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ ī„¸ ī„ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„ĸī„¸ ī„ą: ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„“ī…ƒī„Ēī„ģ ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ ī„ĩ ī„Ž ī„ļ ī„ĸ ī„Š-ī„¯ī„Ą ī„Š
ī„”-ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ, ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Žī…„
ī„
ī„ģ ī„¯ī…žī„Ģī„ĩ, ī„Žī…‡ 1970 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…„ ī„´ī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„îĨĄ
ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„”-ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„’ī„ĩī„¯ī…‚ī„Žī…‡ī„Ĩ (ī„˜ī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„ī„ēī„§ ī…ƒī„ĩī„ēī„ĩī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„—ī„ĸī…œī„ēī…„ ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„›) 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„“ī…œī„ĸī…„ī„Žī…„ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„ĩī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‹ī„ŗī…ƒī„ļī„Žī„ēī„Ž ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„îĨĄ ī„•ī„ēī„Žī…‡ ī„ŗī…‡ī„žī„ąī…‚ī„Ž ī„¯ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” "@" ī…ƒī„ ī…œī„Žī…§ ī„¯ī…‡ī„š ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‡ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĸī„Žī„ŗ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ ī…œī…ƒī„Žī…§ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„›
ī„‘ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‚ī„îĨĄ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„, ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„‘ī„›ī…‚ī„Ŧī…ƒī„ŗī„› ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…œī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„ēī…„ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ē ī„ēī…„, ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī„­ī…„, ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ŧī……ī„Žī…„ī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ąī„Š ī„ī„”îĨĄ
1980 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  SMTP (ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ) ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„Žī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ
ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’, ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„¯ī…žī„œī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„“ī„’îĨĄ 1990 ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„­ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą-ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› Hotmail ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ RocketMail (ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ
ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„´ī…‚ī„ģī…† ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ) - ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„ĩī…‹ī„žī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”
ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ąī„Š ī„ī„” ī„ēī…„îĨĄ
ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‹ī„”
ī„”-ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…„ 1990 ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„‘ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Žī…„ ī„ ī„ŋī…§ ī„ī„” ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„¸ ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ēī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩ
ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’îĨĄ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą-ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ģī…ī„Ĩī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ, ī„´ī…‚ī„ģī…† ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„—ī„™ī„˜ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ģī…†ī„ļī„Ē,
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„›ī…œī…ƒī„¯ī„–ī„Ĩī„ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī„“ī„Žī„ąī…‚ī„›ī„ē ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„Žī…žī„ĸī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī…žī„ī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„›ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‚ī…žī„°ī„Ĩ ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩī„ļī……ī…žī„› ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…„ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī…„ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ŧī…‚ī„œī„ļ ī„ģī…‹ī„—, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē
ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—îĨĄ ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩī„ļī……ī…žī„› ī„Žī…‡ ī„›ī…‰ī„ļī…œī„§ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› ī„ĸī…„ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Žī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…†, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē ī„¯ī…‡ī„š ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚îĨĄ
ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„Žī„¸ī…„ī„Žī„Ēī…‚ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī„¯ī…‰ī„ŗ ī…ƒī„°ī„ļī„Ĩī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„, ī„ēī…œī„ī„Ļī„Ž ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļ (ī„ļī…‡ī„ąī„ļ,
ī…ƒī„°ī„ļī„Ĩī„ĩ), ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī„› ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩī…‡ī„ĸ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…žī„Ģī…‚, ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„ĸī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„“ī„ŗī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ
ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…„ī„ŗī…ˆī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„îĨĄ
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‡
ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī„” ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‡ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ģī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ŗī……ī…žī„ ī…„ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚
ī…ƒī„Žī„˛ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„˛ī…‚ī„ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗī„Šī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
1. ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„¸ ī„ļ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩ ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ē :ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ "ī„Ēī…Œ" ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī„Ąī…‚ī„Š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ "ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ēī…„" ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩ, ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…†ī„ ī…„ī„ąī…žī„­ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
CC (ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ąī„Ž ī„›ī…‚ī„¯ī…„) ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ BCC
(ī„ąī„ļī…‚ī„”
ī„
ī„§ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ąī„Ž ī„›ī…‚ī„¯ī…„) ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„¸ī…„ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸ
ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī…†ī…ƒī„ĸī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…‡ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ąī…‹ī„­ī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ī…žī„ļī„ąī…‚ī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„
ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
9
Easy2Siksha
2. ī…ƒī„¸ī„š ī„ļ ī„”ī„Ž:ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„“ī…žī„› ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„Žī…‚ī„žī……ī„› ī…ƒī„ģī…žī…ƒī„ēī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„
ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„œī…‹ī„ļī…§ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„Žī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Žī…‚ī„Ĩī„›ī…„ ī„¨ī…œī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī…œī„œī…‡ī„¯ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„Žī…‡ī„ģī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ēī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
3. ī„¯ī…Ĩī…„ī„ģī…‰ī„§ī„ĩ: ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ ī„Žī„žī„ĩī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ī„ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„¯ī…Ĩī…„ī„ģī…‰ī„§ī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„¯ī„Ĩ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ
ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‚ī„ļī„Šī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„œī…‡ī„¯ ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ĩī…„ī„žī„ĩ
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„
4. ī„Žī„ŗī„ēī„› ī„ĩ:ī„ēī„ļī…‚ī„ŗ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ļī„” ī„Ĩī…‹ī„Ž ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„ĩī„ēī„ŗī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„’ī„ŗ, ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„ī„Ē ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
5. ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„˛ ī„: ī„“ī„ģ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„ĸī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„Žī…‡ī„ģī…‚ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ēī„ĩī…„ī„ĩ
ī„ēī„¯ī„šī„Ĩ, ī„ēī…œī„œī…‡ī„¯ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ąī…œī…ƒī„­ī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ī„Žī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ļī„” ī„ļī…œī„ąī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„Žī…‡ī…ƒī„ģī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡
ī„¯ī…‰ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…œī„§ī„Šī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…„ī„’ī„ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ
ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
6. ī„‘ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„ŗī…Šī„Ĩ:ī„‘ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„ŗī…Šī„Ĩ ī„ēī……ī„Žī…‡ī„ģī…‡ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„› ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…† ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„“ī„ģ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„‘ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„ŗī…Šī„Ĩ ī„¨ī……ī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„¨ī…œī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ļī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„—
ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„§ī…‚ī„–ī„Žī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ŗī……ī„šī„›ī„ļ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
7. ī„› ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…† ī„˜ī„›ī„šī„Ž (CTA):ī„ĸī…‡ī„›ī„ĩ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„” ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰
(ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ĸī„¸ī…‚ī„ą ī„Ŧī…‡ī„Šī…‚, ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ļī…œī„› 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…ƒī„ļī…žī„› ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Šī…‚), ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…† ī„˜ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„ēī„¯ī…žī„šī„Ĩ
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī„ĸī„ąī…†ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‚ ī„ģī…‹ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ąī„Ĩī„Ž ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ąī…‹ī„ļī„§ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„Ŧī„œī…‚ī„”
ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„ī„ļī…‚ ī„›ī„Ŧī„ŗ ī„ ī……ī…žī„›ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‡ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
8. ī„Ŧī„ēī„Ēī„œī„Ē:ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī„ēī„Ēī„œī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗ, ī„Žī…ī„›ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī„ļī…‡ī„œ, ī„›ī…œī„¯ī„Žī…„ ī„Ŧī…„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„¯ī„ĩī„› ī„¸ī…‡ī„ĩī„¸ī…‡ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī„ēī„Ēī„œī„Ē ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ŗī„žī„ąī…†ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ēī…œī„¯ī„ĩī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ĩī…ƒī„ģī„Šī…‚ ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
9. ī„¯ī„Ŧī„ļī…‡ī„œ:ī„°ī……ī…žī„Ĩī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī…‡ī„Ŧī…‚ī„‘ī„¸ī…‚, ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…„ ī„ĩī…žī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„ļī…œī„› (ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„
ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ), ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…† ī„ēī…œī„¯ī„ĩī„› ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ ī„¸ ī„
ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…„ī„’ī„ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ģī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„ļī…žī„œī„Š ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹
ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž:
1. Gmail:ī„ī…†ī„ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ 1.5 ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī…„ī„‘ī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī…‡ī„œī…„ ī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ 15 GB ī„ŗī……ī…€ī„Ē ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩī…‡ī„ĸ, ī„šī…‚ī„Žī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ēī„¯ī…‰ī„ŗ ī…ƒī„°ī„ļī„Ĩī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Google ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„§ī…Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„¸,
ī„›ī…‰ī„ļī…œī„§ī„ĩ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī…„ī„Ĩ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„˜ī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī…†ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ĸī…„ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī„ĩī„ļ,
ī„ēī…œī„ī…ƒī„Ļī„Ē ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē ī„“ī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„ĸī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¯ī„ēī…œī„Ŧī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
2. ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩī„ļī……ī…žī„›:ī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„›ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‚ī…žī„°ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ŗī„žī„ąī…†ī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„¸ī…‚ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī„ĩī„Šī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī…‰ī„ļī…œī„§ī„ĩ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Š, ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸ
10
Easy2Siksha
ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„›ī„ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‚ī„°ī„Ĩ ī„’ī…ƒī„°ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ
ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ēī…ƒī„ģī„ĸī…‡ ī„ģī…„ ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„› ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
3. ī„´ ī„ģī…† ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ:ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„›, ī„´ī…‚ī„ģī…† ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‚
ī„‘ī„ĸī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…€ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ 1 TB ī„ŗī……ī…€ī„Ē ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩī…‡ī„ĸ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī…ƒī„ļī„Ē ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
4. ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļ ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ:ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„Ĩ-ī„“ī„Ž ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„ŗī…‰ī„›ī…‹ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„’ī„”ī„™ī„˜ī„ē ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„Ē ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…‚ī…€, ī…ƒī„Žī„–ī„Žī„Ēī„ŗ
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
5. ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„Ž ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ:ī„ī…‹ī„¯ī„Žī…„ī„´ī„Ēī…‚ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…ˆī…ƒī„Ŧī…Ĩī„Ē ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”, ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„Žī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„˜ī„ī„§-ī„Ĩī…†-ī„˜ī„ī„§
ī„—ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„šī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī……ī…ƒī„Žī„šī…ƒī„ ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī„° ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ēī„›ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī…„ ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„
ī„¸ī„ ī„Žī„ąī…žī„­ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī„› ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ēī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
6. ī„žī…‹ī„ģī…‹ ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ:ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„¯ī„Ž-ī„ŗī……ī„›ī„Ē ī„¸ī…‚ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī„ĩī„Š, ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„ēī…ƒī„ģī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Žī…‚ī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Zoho ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„¸ī„¯ī…‚ī„ĩī„› ī„ēī…†ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„
ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„ģī…‰
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ŗī…‰ī„ēī…‡ī…ƒī„ĸī…œī„ ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ļī…‚ī„žī„ŗī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Ž ī„ąī„Š ī„ī„”
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ĩī…‡ ī„Ĩī…ī„ŗī…ƒī„ļī„Žī„ēī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„ĩī„¯ī…‚ī„Žī…‡ī„Ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ēī…„ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ļī…‰ ī„›ī…‡ ī„ĸī…„ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩī„ļī……ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„
ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„ĸī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ĸī…„ī„¸ī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…ˆī„Ŧī„ĩī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…„ ī„ģī…‹ī„” ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ
ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ĩī…‹ī„žī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Šī…‚, ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„´ī……ī…žī„ ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„¯ī…žī„œī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„šī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
4. ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļ ī„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‡ http ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī…ƒī„›ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹: GET, HEAD, POSTîĨĄ ī„¯ ī„™, ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩ ī„™, ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‡ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‹,
ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯, ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‰ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Ž ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī…ƒī„›ī„ģī„ŋī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī…ƒī„›ī„ģ ī„ĸ ī„ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰? ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
?
ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ:HTTP ī„¨ī…œī„ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ī„” (GET, HEAD, POST, PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS,
Connect, PATCH)
HTTP (ī„ģī…‚ī„”ī„¯ī„ĩī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ) ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī……ī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…‚ī„ (ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„žī„ĩ)
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„ŗī„ļī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ HTTP ī„›ī„” ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„, ī„ĸī…‚ī„ "ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„’ī„¸ī…‚ī„" ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī„ŗ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„
ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„šī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ēī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
11
Easy2Siksha
ī„’ī„• ī„ēī„ĩī„ļ ī„šī„ąī„Ŧ ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„› HTTP ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī„ŋī„ ī…‹ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī…„ī„—:
1. GET ī„¨ī…œī„
GET ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„Žī„šī…ƒī„ ī„Ē ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Ēī…Œ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹, ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‚ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„žī„ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„¯ī…œī„Žī…‡ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…žī„› GET ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„
ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„“ī…žī„› GET ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„˛ī…‡ī…ƒī„ĸī„’ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ URL ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„Ŧī„œī…‚ī„” ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ (ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› Google
ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„¯ī…‰ī„ĩī…‚ī„ŗī…„ī„Ĩī„ĩ)îĨĄ
o GET ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…‰ī„š ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī……ī…žī„›ī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī„› ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ŗī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī…„ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ē ī„ģī…‰, ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ļī„ī„˛ī„ 2048 ī„‘ī…žī„œī„ĩī…‚ī„
ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„ēī…„ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ē ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ŗī„Ēī„ļī„ą ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
2. ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩ ī„Ŧ ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›
HEAD ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ GET ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„ēī„ļ ī„ēī„ĩī…„ī„ĩ (ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„) ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„, ī„›ī…‡ī„¸ī„ļ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Ŧī…‡
ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī„ļī…‡ī„œī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„œī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„›ī…„ ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰
ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„§ī…‚ī„–ī„Žī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ŗī…‰ī„Ĩī…‚ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī„ļī…‡ī„œī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o GET ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ģī…‰
ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
îĨĄ
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ģī…‰ (ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ-ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„•ī„ģī…„ ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰)îĨĄ
3. ī„¯ī…‹ī„ēī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
POST ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‰ī„ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĸī„ŗī…§ī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡
ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„˛ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‡ī„ļī…‡îĨĄ GET ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„ļī„Ĩ, POST URL ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī„ĸī…‚ī„— ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„˛ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ ī„ŗī…‚ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„ļ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„ēī„ĩī…„ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¨ī…œī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„˛ī…‡ī…ƒī„ĸī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ (ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ HTTPS ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ)îĨĄ
o ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„¸ī…‡ī„Ŧī„Žī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„¯ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
12
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o ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģ ī„‘ī„´ī…‹ī„
ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‰, ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ-ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ēī„ąī…ƒī„ŗī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„ĸī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž (ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„›ī„” ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ
ī„ēī„ąī…ƒī„ŗī„šī„Ž)îĨĄ
4. PUT ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
PUT ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Žī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰
ī„ĸī…‡ī„›ī„ĩ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī…žī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” RESTful API ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī„ŗī„¯ī…‹ī„Ĩī…Šī„Ĩ ī„ģī…‰, ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„“ī…žī„›ī…‹ PUT ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„” ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Š ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„“ī…žī„›ī…‹ ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„ĸī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„›ī„ļī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
5. ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩ ī„™ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
DELETE ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī„Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ąī„ļī…ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…‹ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰.
o PUT ī„¸ī…‚ī„ī„, ī„“ī„ģ ī„‘ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„ ī…„ī„ž ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ī„•ī„Š
ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‚ ī„ģī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
6. ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‡ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
TRACE ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…„ī„ąī…žī…ƒī„ī…œī„ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„šī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„” ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„¸ī…‚ī„¯ī„ē ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„› ī„Ŧī…‡ī„œ ī„ēī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„› ī„›ī…„ ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ļī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„ąī„Ŧī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‰ī„› ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”
ī„§ī…‚ī„“ī„ī„Žī…ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī„› ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„šī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩ, ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī…ƒī„ ī…œī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„žī…žī„Ĩ
ī„ģī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
13
Easy2Siksha
7. ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
OPTIONS ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„›ī„ģī„ŋī…‡ HTTP ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī…ƒī„›ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ŧī…žī„ēī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī…ƒī„›ī„ģī„ŋī…‡ ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‡ (GET, POST, ī„’ī…ƒī„Ŧ) ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
o ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‚îĨĄ
8. ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
CONNECT ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ĩī„ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Ŧī…‹-ī„¯ī…žī„œī…„ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž (ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…œī„) ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ SSL (HTTPS) ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ (SSL) ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī„¯ī…žī„œ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„” ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„œī…‹ī„ļī…§ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ
ī„—ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩī„§ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‰ī…ƒī„°ī„› ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
9. ī„¯ī…‰ī„  ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„
PATCH PUT ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī„ĸī…‚ī„—, ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī…ƒī„ēī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„‘ī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”, ī„Ŧī…†ī„ĸī…‡ ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„¸ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ąī…‡ī„ē ī„˜ī„ī„Ĩī„ĩī…„
ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„œī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Šī…‚îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
o ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„šī„› ī„‘ī…žī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
(ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…† ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī„˛ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰)îĨĄ
ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ąī„Ž ī„ŗ ī„‘ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¨ī…œī„
â€ĸ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¨ī…œī„: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ TRACE ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ŗī…œī…ƒī„Žī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„›
ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€-ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ŗī„Ēī„ļī„ą ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„šī…‹ī…ƒī„­ī„Ē ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„‘ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¨ī…œī„: POST, PUT, DELETE, CONNECT ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ PATCH ī„‘ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ģī„Ž ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„ģ
ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ (ī„¯ī…‹ī„ēī„Ĩ), ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ļī…‡ī„œ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ (ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚), ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„§ (ī„¯ī…‰ī„ ) ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī…žī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„•ī„ģ ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…„ī„’ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž
ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ-ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ HTTP ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī…ƒī„›ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗī„Šī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ APIs ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ-
ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„™ī„¯ī„ĩī…‡ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„Žī…ƒī„ĸī…žī„Ļī„Šī…‚îĨĄ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¨ī…œī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› GET ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ OPTIONS ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‹ī„œī„ŗ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„
14
Easy2Siksha
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› POST ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ DELETE ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„­ī„’ī„Ž ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„ģ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…‹ī„­ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī…ƒī„›ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„ŗī„ĸī„ąī…†ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī……ī…œī„ĸī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„ēī…„
5. "FTP" ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģ TCP/IP ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„›ī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ē ī„ģī…‰? FTP ī„Ž ī„ļ ī„ēī…œī„ąī…œī…ƒī„­ī„Ē
ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ:FTP (ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ) ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„ŗī„’ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„›
ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ģī…†ī„ļī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…„ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ 1970 ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„Ŧī„ģī…‚ī„›ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…‡ī„š ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ēī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„¸ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī„› ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„šī…‡ī„‘ī…ƒī„ĩī…œī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ îĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„šī…‚ī„ēī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Ž ī„ąī…ƒī„Šī„’ ī„ģī…‹ī„“ī„’ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„—ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„šī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„žī…‚ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‡ FTPS
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ SFTP ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī„¸ī…žī„ļ ī„‘ī„ī„¸ī…‚ī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
FTP ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰
FTP, HTTP ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ SMTP ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ, TCP/IP ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī„Ŧī…„ ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡
ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„›ī……ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰:
1. ī„›ī„ŗ ī„ī„§ ī„ ī…‰ī„Žī„ļ:ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„›ī„ŗī…‚ī„ī„§ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„‘ī„¯ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„§ī…‚ī„•ī„Žī„ļī…‹ī„§
ī„ąī…‡ī„Žī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Šī…‚îĨĄ
2. ī„§ ī„Ĩ ī„ ī…‰ī„Žī„ļ:ī„“ī„ģ ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„ēī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„žī…œī„ŗī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī…žī„› FTP ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”, ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„Š ī„¯ī…žī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ (ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‚ī„ēī„¸ī„ĩī„§)
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„‘ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Ē FTP ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„Š ī„¯ī…žī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ 
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ĸī…‹ī„œī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„’ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
FTP ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„ŗī…‹ī„§ ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…„ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧ ī„ģī…‰:
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„ŗī…‹ī„§:ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī„Ĩ ī„œī…‹ī„ļī…§ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„•ī„§ī…„ī„› ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī„°ī…‚ī„“ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„ļ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„ąī„ļī…ī„› ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„¯ī…‰ī…ƒī„ēī„¸ ī„ŗī…‹ī„§: ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„›ī……ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„“ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„ļ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ąī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—
ī„›ī„ŗī…‚ī„ī„§ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī…ƒī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
FTP ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī„ŗ ī„
FTP ī„›ī„” ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•ī„Š 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„­ī„’ī„Ž ī„›ī…ˆī„Ŧī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰:
15
Easy2Siksha
1. FTP ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ž:FTP ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„ŗī„’ī„ĩī…„ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯, ī„“ī„ģ ī„˜ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„šī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‚ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī„ŗī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
2. FTPS (FTP ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē):SSL (ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ) ī„ĸī…‚ī„ TLS (ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī„Ĩ ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’)
ī„“ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„šī„Ž ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ĩī„Ē ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›
ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„—ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĩī……ī„›ī…‚ī„¸ī„Ĩ
ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
3. FTPES (ī„˜ī„›ī„ēī„¯ī„ļī…„ī…ƒī„ēī„Ĩ TLS/SSL ī„•ī…žī„Ēī…‡ FTP):FTPS ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„˜ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩī…Šī„šī„Ž, ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…‚ī„Ŧī…‡ FTP
ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„¸ī„ĸī…Œ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ TLS/SSL ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„˜ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩī„§ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„‘ī…žī„¯ī„ī„ĩī…‡ī„§ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ FTPES ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„“ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„ļ-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„›
ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
4. SFTP (SSH ī„° ī„”ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Ĩ ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ):FTPS ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ FTPES ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„ļī„Ĩ, SFTP ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„ ī…‰ī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„ (ī„›ī„ŗī…‚ī„ī„§
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚) ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ SSH (ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„šī…‰ī…žī„ļ) ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„— ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„ī„ļ
ī„˜ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩī„§ ī„ ī…‰ī„Žī„ļ ī„•ī…žī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…† ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
FTP ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› FTP ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ģ
ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī…ƒī„ ī…œī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„’ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ĩī„ģī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„˜ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ļī…ī„ī„“ī„Ž ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„Š ī„¯ī…žī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī„Ąī…žī„§ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰:
â€ĸ ī„“ī„¸ī„ēī„§ī…Ĩī…ī…ƒī„¯ī…œī„:ī„ģī„ŗī„ļī…‚ī„¸ī„ĩ FTP ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĩī…‹ī„› ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗ, ī„¯ī…‚ī„ēī„¸ī„ĩī„§ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„
ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ ī„ēī…œī„¸ī…‡ī„Ŧī„Žī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„ŗī…‰ī„Ž-ī„“ī„Ž-ī„Ŧ-ī…ƒī„ŗī„§ī„ļ ī„ģī„ŗī„ļī…‡:ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› FTP ī„ēī…‚ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„˛ī…‡ī„ĸī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī„ŗī„ļī…‚ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ļī„”
ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„› ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„ĸī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Šī…‚ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī„¸ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„‘ī„Šī„‘ī…ƒī„­ī„› ī„ĩī„Ē ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ :ī„ĸī„Žī„Ēī„› FTP ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Ē FTP ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Šī„‘ī…ƒī„­ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„œī„Ēī„ĩī„Žī…‚ī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„¯ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī…ƒī„Žī„šī…‚ī„Žī…‡ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ŗī……ī…žī…ƒī„Ŧī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī…žī„Ŧī…‡ī„Žī„žī„ĩ, ī„ēī…œī„¸ī…‡ī„Ŧī„Žī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„‘ī„ēī„ļī…„ FTP ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„ēī…€ī…‚ī„ĩī„š ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī„ĸī…‚ī„—, FTPS ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ SFTP ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„—ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„šī„Ž ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„
ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĩī…‹ī„›ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…„ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
TCP/IP ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī„Ģ ī„Ž
FTP TCP/IP ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„ēī„œī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī„ĩī„Ē ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„¯ī„ĩī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡
ī„•ī…žī„ -ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„ļī„Š ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„žī…œī„ŗī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„‘ī…œī„Ēī„ŗ-ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Žī…‚ī„, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„›
HTTP, SMTP (ī„”ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ), ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ FTP ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„Žī…ƒī„ĸī…žī„Ļī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„˜ī„¯ī„ļī…„ī„›ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī„Ĩ ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ
(ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  TCP ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ UDP ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī„Ž), ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ļī…œī„› ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„›
ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī„•ī…žī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…†ī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„žī…œī„ŗī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
16
Easy2Siksha
ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  FTP
ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„œī…‚ī„ŗī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ąī…‚ī„¸ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ, FTP ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī„› ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē
ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡:
â€ĸ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„Žī„› ī„ŗī„šī…„ī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„¯ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚.
â€ĸ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„Žī„› ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ąī…‰ī„›ī„‘ī…žī„¯ ī„§ī…‚ī„–ī„Žī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ŗī…‚ī„ģī…ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ēī„ąī„Ŧī…„ī„ļ.
FTP ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”, ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„šī…‚ī„ēī„› ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ FTP ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› FileZilla ī„ĸī…‚ī„
Cyberduck 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„˛ī„ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī…žī„› FTP ī„ēī„ĩī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī„Ž, ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī……ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…† ī„¨ī…œī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ ī„ļī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„ĩī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„“ī…œī„Ĩ
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…† ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„›ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Žī…‚ī„”ī„žī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī…‰ī„  ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„ŗī…‚ī„ī„§-ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž FTP ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…Œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„›ī……ī„šī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
FTP ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ąī……ī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„Ĩī…‹ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚
ī…ƒī„Žī„˛ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„“ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„žī…‚ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ŗī„Ēī„ļī„ą ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…‚ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„Žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„¸ī…‡ī„Ŧī„Žī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„ļī„Š ī„¸ī…‡ī„ļī…‡îĨĄ FTPS ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ SFTP ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡
ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„ąī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ĩī…‰ī„› ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĸī…‹ī„œī„ŗ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„žī„Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—, ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„˜ī„Žī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩī„§ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡
ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…‹ī„ĸī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ ī„ĩī„ģī…„ ī„ģī…‰, FTP ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī…œī„Ēī„ĩ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ĩī……ī…žī„­ ī„Ēī…‹ī…ƒī„ļī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ēī„°ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„
ī„ļī„” ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī„ĩī„ĸī…„ī„ģ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
6. "ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„" ī„Ēī…Œ ī„Ēī……ī„ģ ī„§ ī„›ī…„ ī„ŗī„Ēī„ļī„ą ī„ģī…‰? ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸ ī„ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„° ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ: ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œ ī„: ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…œī„œī…‡ī„¯ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Žī…‚
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œī„ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰?
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī…ƒī„Žī…œ ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī„ļī…‡ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩ, ī„ąī„Šī„Ēī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ, ī…ƒī„Ŧī…Ĩī„šī„Ĩī…„ī„ī„Ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„’ī„›ī„ĩī„šī„›, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„˛ī„¸
ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ģī……ī„Žī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī……ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī…žī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ļī…‡ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩ,
ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„ēī„›ī…„ī„ŗī…‚ī„, ī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„¯ī…‹ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„°ī…„, ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī„ē, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī„¸ī…‚ī„ąī„Ŧī…‡ī„ģ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī„ģ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„›
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„›ī…Ĩī…„ī„Ž ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„“ī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī„ŗī…†ī„ļī…„ī„‘ī„Ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ąī„ģī„Ēī„ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„Žī…‡ī„¸ī…„ī„ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰,
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„šī…‚ī„-ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩ, ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē, ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…„
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”-ī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‚ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
17
Easy2Siksha
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Žī„ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī…ƒī„ŗī„ļ ī„›ī…‡ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„
ī„˛ī…‚ī„šī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› HTML, CSS, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ JavaScript ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„— ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ąī„Ŧī…ƒī„ļī„’
ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī…‡îĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…‹ī„ĸī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ēī„ĩī…žī„›ī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ, ī„›ī„” ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‡ ī„§ī…†ī…œī„žī…‡ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„
ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī„¸ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„’ī„• ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī„ŋī„ ī…‹ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī…„ī„— ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Žī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī…„ī„—îĨĄ
ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī„Ž ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„° ī„ĩī„ŗ
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ļī…Šī„§ī„ēī„›ī…‡ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļ ī„ģī…‰, ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļī„ē ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„, ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„, ī„ĸī…‚ī„
ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī…ƒī„˛ī…œī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļī…‚ī„ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī…Ĩī…‡ī„Šī…„ī„ąī…žī„­ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰: ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī…‰ī„ĩ-ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…„-
ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗîĨĄ
1. ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē (ī„ī…‰ī„ĩ-ī„ ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„’ī„­ ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē)
ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ŗī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ (CMS) ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„Ŧī……ī„Žī…„ī„’ ī„˛ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ļī…žī„œī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚
ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ąī„ļī…ī…ƒī„ī…œī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī…ƒī„ī„’, ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„Žī…ž ī„ĸī…„ ī„ąī„ļī…ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ļī…‰ ī„›ī…‡ ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ CNN ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„Žī„–ī„´ī…‚ī„ĩī„› ī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ŗī„ž ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„›, ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…ƒī„­ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡: ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„ŗī……ī„°ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„™ī„¯ī„Ž-ī„ēī…‹ī„ĩī„ē ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ĩ
ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…† ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„”
60,000 ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„¯ī„ļī…žī„ī„“ī„Ž ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„˜ī„ēī„”ī„™ ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļ, ī„ēī…œī„¯ī„ĩī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ
ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ģī„žī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ģī…„ī„ŗ ī„¸ī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„›ī…‹ ī…ƒī„ĸī„ģī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„›ī„ŗī…„ī„’ī„: ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„› ī„ŗī……ī„°ī„Ē, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī…‹ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„§ī…‹ī„ŗī…‡ī„Ž ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…„ī„ŗī…„ī„‘ī„ŗ
ī„¯ī„ļī…žī„ī„“ī„Ž ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ģī…„ī„ŗ ī„ļī„” ī„˛ī……ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī„Ēī…Œ ī„“ī„ļī…‚ī„¸ī…‚, ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī…‚ī„ŗī…†ī„ļī…„
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„œī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„‘ī„Šī„ĸī…‚ī„Š ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”
2. Wix (ī„ ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„’ī„­ ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē)
Wix ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„§ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ
ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī„ĩī…‰ī„-ī„˜ī„ī„§-ī„§ī…Ĩī…ī„¯ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„ļī„” ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ī…‰ī„ĩ-ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…„
ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡: Wix ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„Ĩ-ī„“ī„Ž ī„˜ī„ēī„”ī„™ ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļī„ē, ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„Ē ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’
ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…Šī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„šī…Ĩī…‡ī„Šī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ
ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„, ī„ąī„ļī…ī„ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī„Ĩī„°ī…‹ī„ļī…„ī„™ ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„Ŧī„ĩī„š ī„ģī…‰, ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĸī…Œ ī„ģī…‹ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„›ī„ŗī…„ī„’ī„: ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī„Šī…‚ ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„™ī„¯ī„Ž-ī„ēī„ĩī…‹ī„Ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ŗī……ī„›ī…‚ī„ąī„ļī…‡ ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„žī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„ģī…žī„Ŧ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„ēī…„ī„ŗī„Ē ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ģī…„, ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„ąī…œī…ƒī„­ī„Ē ī„ļī…žī„ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
18
Easy2Siksha
3. ī„¸ī„ĩī„ ī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī„ē (ī„ ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„’ī„­ ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē)
Squarespace ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„ēī„ąī„ēī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„šī„Ž-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī„Ēī„ļī…‡, ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž
ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„ -ī„ī……ī„Šī„¸ī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„Ĩī…Šī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ĸī…‚ī…ƒī„Šī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„, ī„ĩī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„Ēī„ŗī„› ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„”-
ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡:Squarespace ī„’ī„ļ-ī„“ī„Ž-ī„¸ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„Ĩī…Šī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ-ī„ĸī„¸ī…‚ī„ąī„Ŧī…‡ī„ģ,
ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„Ĩ-ī„“ī„Ž ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…žī„Ģī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„ļī„” SSL ī„ēī„ĩī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž
ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļ ī„¸ī…„ ī„•ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„Ŧī…Ĩī„šī„Ĩī…„ī„ī„Ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„’ī„›ī„ĩī„šī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„
ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„ģī…‹ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„›ī„ŗī…„s: Squarespace ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļī…Œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ŗī…ƒī„ģī…œī„ī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī„“ī„ģ ī„šī…‚ī„Žī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„§ī…Ĩī……ī„¯ī„ļ
ī„¸ī…‚ī„ī„ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„Žī…‚ ī„ģī…‹ī„ŠîĨĄ
4. Shopify (ī„ ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„’ī„­ ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē)
Shopify ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…ƒī„¯ī„Ē ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„§ī…‰ī„šī„ąī…‹ī„ĩī„§ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„, ī„˛ī……ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„šī…ƒī„¯ī…œī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„Ąī…‚ ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡: Shopify ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī„Ĩī…Šī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļ ī„šī…Ĩī…‡ī„Šī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„Ĩ-ī„“ī„Ž ī„˛ī……ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„Ŧī„ĩī„š ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„¯ī„ļī…žī„ī„“ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„›ī„ŗī…„ī„’ī„:ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› Shopify ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ŗ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ŧī…†ī„ĸī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”
ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚. ī„“ī„ē ī„Ēī…Œ ī„“ī„ļī…‚ī„¸ī…‚, ī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„°ī…„ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„ģī„Ž ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ Shopify
Payments
5. Adobe Dreamweaver (ī„ī…‰ī„ĩ-ī„ ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„’ī„­ ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē)
ī„‘ī„§ī…‹ī„ą ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„§ī…Ĩī…„ī„ŗī„¸ī…„ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Žī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹
ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…žī„Ģī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„°ī…‡ī„ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Žī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡:ī„§ī…Ĩī…„ī„ŗī„¸ī…„ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„Ēī…„ī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļ ī„¯ī…‡ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰, ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…‡ HTML, CSS, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ JavaScript ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī…œī„¯ī…‚ī…ƒī„Ŧī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī„ģ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„ĸī„Žī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„ ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ģ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī„ĩī„Š ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„›ī„ŗī…„ī„’ī„: ī„§ī„ĩī…„ī„ŗī„¸ī…„ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…† ī„ģī…‹ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„¸ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„‘ī„Ŧī…‚ī„“ī„ī…„ ī„ēī…ī„°ī„Ĩī„¸ī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ Wix ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„ļī„Ĩ, ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„ŗī……ī„°ī„Ē ī„ēī…œī„ēī„›ī„ĩī„Š ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī„Ž
6. ī„§ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ī„ļ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…†ī„ŗī„ļ (ī„ī…‰ī„ĩ-ī„ ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„’ī„­ ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē)
Drupal ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Joomla ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„™ī„¯ī„Ž-ī„ēī…‹ī„ĩī„ē CMS ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Ž, ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„•ī„ģ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
19
Easy2Siksha
â€ĸ ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡:ī„“ī„ģ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī„ĩī„Š ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž,
ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ī……ī…œī„Ŗī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ļī„¯ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„ģ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„¸ī…„ ī„ģī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ēī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„›ī„ŗī…„ī„’ī„: Drupal ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Joomla ī„Ŧī…‹ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‹ī„ļ ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Wix ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Žī…‚ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„œī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„¸ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„’ī„Ŧī„ĩī„š ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„° ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī……ī„ļī„Žī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…ˆ, ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī……ī„Žī„ĩ ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ
ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ē -ī…ƒī„ŗī…žī„Ēī„ĩī„Ē :ī„ī…‰ī„ĩ-ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”, Wix ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Squarespace ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„
ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Š ī„§ī„ĩī…‰ī„-ī„˜ī„ī„§-ī„§ī…Ĩī…ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„žī…žī„Ĩī…‹-ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„œī„Š ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī„ĩī„¸ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…žī„œī„ĩī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ Shopify
ī„žī…žī„Ĩī…‹-ī„žī…žī„Ĩ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„šī„ŗī…†ī„ļī…„ī„‘ī„Ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„¸ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ĸī…‚ī„Š-ī„¯ī„Ąī…‚ī„Š
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ē :ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”, ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē, ī„§ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ī„ļ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„ĸī…†ī„ŗī„ļī…‚ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī„ĩī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„Ŧī„ĩī„š
ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī…žī„  ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„šī…„ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž.
â€ĸ ī„ļ ī„ī„Ē: ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„ŗī……ī„°ī„Ē ī„ģī…‰, ī„“ī„ģ ī„ģī…‹ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…„ī„ŗī…„ī„‘ī„ŗ ī„¯ī„ļī…žī„ī„“ī„Ž ī„œī„ĩī…ƒī„ ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„’ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„Ŧī…†ī„ĸī…‡ ī„¯ī…‚ī„ēī…‡, ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…„-ī„‘ī„­ī…‚ī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› Wix ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Squarespace ī„ąī…œī„§ī„ļ
ī„ģī…‹ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„’ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī…„ī„ŗī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„ēī„ŗī…ˆ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ŗī…ƒī„ģī…œī„ī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„”-ī„› ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē: Shopify ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ŗ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› WooCommerce ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„žī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„•ī…žī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī„ĩī„Š ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ ī……ī„Šī„Žī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„, ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…„
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī„ĩī„Š ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„ŗī……ī„ģī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī„˛ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ Wix, Squarespace, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ Shopify ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„­ī…„ī„’ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē, ī„§ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ī„ļ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„ĸī…†ī„ŗī„ļī…‚ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī„ļī…‚ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„šī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„›
ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…„ī„’ī„ ī„šī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī„ŗī„žī…‹ī„ĩī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„“ī„ē ī„ļī„” ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗī„Šī…‚ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„Ĩī…†ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī…‹ī„Š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī……ī…œī„ĸī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
20
Easy2Siksha
ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž-ī„§ī…„
7. ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰? ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„Ē ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī„Ŧī„ŗ ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ļī„œī…‹ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗ ī„™îĨĄ
ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ: ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī…‰?
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„ī„ļ ī„§ī…‹ī„ŗī…‡ī„Ž ī„Žī…‚ī„ŗ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„­ī…„ī„Ž ī„’ī„¯ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„¯ī…œī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī…œī„ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ģ ī„ģī…‰,
ī„ĸī…‹ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī„¯ī…‡ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ, ī…ƒī„ ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ, ī„¸ī…„ī„§ī…„ī„™ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„˜ī„›ī…ƒī„Ĩī„¸ ī„Ēī…žī„Ēī…‚ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„šī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ēī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„
ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„•ī„Ēī„šī…‚ī…ƒī„ģī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…‡ī„ ī„Šī…‚, ī„ŗī„Žī…‹ī„ĩī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚,
ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī…ƒī„ĸī„› ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚îĨĄ
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„´ī……ī…žī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī„Ž ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„ģ ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„¯ī…‰ī„ŗī…‚ī„Žī…‡ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„’ī„¯ī„ēī…„ ī„Ēī…‚ī„ļī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī…žī„Ģ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„ģ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ģī„Ž ī…ƒī„ĸī…žī„Ģī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ĸī……ī„ŋ
ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„ī„’ī„Ž ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„“ī„›ī…‚ī„” ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ēī…„ī…ƒī„Žī„­ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„“ī„ģ ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩ,
ī„ēī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ, ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„ī„Ē ī„ģī…‹ī„¸ī…‡, ī„“ī„ē ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ ī„ļī„” ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…Ĩī„š ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„Ē
ī„’ī„­ī……ī…ƒī„Žī„› ī„ēī…œī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„›ī„” ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Š ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„˛ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž:
1. ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ē :ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„Žī…‰ī…ž ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„Žī…‰ī„›ī„šī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ ī„ļī„”
ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„¸ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī…„ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„šī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē
ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„Žī„› ī„ąī…‚ī„žī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„
ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī„ĩī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ēī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
2. 24/7 ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ī„Ē : ī„˛ī…ī…ƒī„Ēī„› ī„ēī„Ĩī…‹ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…€ī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„ļī„Ĩ, ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ģī„ŗī…‡ī„šī…‚ ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„
ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„› ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„ž ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„
ī„ēī„ŗī…ˆ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„¸ī…„ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī……ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„ĸī„Žī„› ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—îĨĄ
3. ī„¸ī„¯ ī„ĩī„› ī„˛ī„ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‡ī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ē :ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„˛ī„ĩī…‹ī„ēī…‡ī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī„­ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„› ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ŗī…ī„ĸī…†ī„Ŧī„ī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„“ī„žī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī„Šī…‚
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„“ī„Ž ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„¸ī…‚ī„ē ī„¯ī…‰ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„§ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„œ
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
4. ī„ļ ī„ī„Ē-ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ ī„¸ī„š ī„ļī…„ ī„ŗ ī„ĩī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„:ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­ ī„ēī„˛ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¸ī…žī„­ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī„Ē-ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„
ī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī„›ī…„ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„ģ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī„ĩī…ƒī„šī„Ē
ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„˜ī„ēī„”ī„™ (ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„“ī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī„šī„¯ī„Ĩī…„ī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„ĸī…‡ī„šī„Ž) ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„•ī„Ēī„šī…‚ī…ƒī„ģī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĩī„¸ī…‚ī„“ī„Ēī…„
ī„“ī„šī…ƒī„Ēī„ģī…‚ī„ĩī„ąī…‚ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„ ī…‡ ī„œī„ĩī…ƒī„ ī„’ī„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„’ī„›ī„ĩī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
21
Easy2Siksha
5. ī„ ī„ģī„› ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī„ŗī…†ī„ļī…„ī„‘ī„Ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„  ī„ĩ:ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ, ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„¸ ī„ ī…‰ī„Ĩ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‹ī„šī„ļ ī„ŗī…„ī„§ī…„ī„’
ī„—ī„›ī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Š ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„˜ī„›ī…ƒī„Ĩī„¸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„‘ī„ēī„ļ-ī„ēī„ŗī…ˆ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…„ī„ŗī„Ēī…„ ī„°ī…„ī„§ī„ąī…‰ī„› ī„“ī„›ī…žī„Ļī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē
ī…ƒī„ŗī„ļī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
6. ī„”-ī„› ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„¸ ī„­ :ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„˛ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ, ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ļī…‚ī„žī„ŗī…„ ī„ąī„Š
ī„ī„”ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž ī„ĸī…‹ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„šī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„¸ī…‡ī„ ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ī…‚ī„ģī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„›ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…„ ī„œī„ĩī…„ī„Ŧī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ģī…†ī„ļī„Ē ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…† ī„ŗī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ ī„ēī„Ĩī…Ĩī…„ī„ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„›ī„Ŧī„ŗ
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„” ī„¯ī„ŋī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…œī…ƒī„§ī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„´ī…‹ī„ĸī„Žī…‚ī„ąī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…† ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…žī„›îĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„Ģī…‡
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„ĩī„ļ ī„ī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„ģī…‰:
1. ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„š ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„ ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ ī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‹
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„, ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…‡ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„š ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗī„Šī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰. ī„›ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧ ī„¸ī…‡ī„ ī„Š, ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„Ŗī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž, ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‡ī„¸ī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ģī…‰? ī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„ ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„“ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„‘ī„ī„¸ī…‚ī„” ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„”, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē
ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„•ī„Ēī„¯ī…‚ī„Ŧ ī…ƒī„§ī„ēī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„‘ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī…ƒī„¸ī„žī„Ž ī„ļī…‰ī„Š-ī„Ŧī…‡ī„Š 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„­ī„’ī„Ž ī„›ī…ˆī„Ŧī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‡ī„ī…„, ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ąī„ļī…ī„
ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ī„Žī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ēī„ĩī„ĸī…„ī„ģ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„¸ī…‡ī„ī…„îĨĄ
2. ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„´ī…‹ī„ĸī„Ž
ī„‘ī…žī„ī…‡, ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„’ī„¯ī„Šī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„šī…‚ī„Žī…‚ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„šī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ēī…„ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī„Ē ī„ģī…‰. ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‡
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„›ī…ī„Š ī„ģī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ģ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‡ ī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī…„ ī„•ī„ŗī…„ī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž. ī„´ī…‹ī„ĸī„Žī…‚ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š
ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…œī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„ ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„°ī…‰ī„ēī„ļī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„¸ī…„ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„ī…‡îĨĄ
3. ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„° ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ĸ ī„ CMS (ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ž ī…ƒī„ēī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗ) ī„ ī……ī„Šī…‹
ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„ģī……ī„Žī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„›ī„” ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„•ī„¯ī„ļī„ąī„­
ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ-ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī…ƒī„§ī…œī„ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī„Ž:
â€ĸ ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„¯ī„ĩī…‰ī„ē:ī„ąī„ļī…ī„, ī„¸ī„¯ī…‚ī„ĩī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„”-ī„›ī…‚ī„ŗī„ĩī„ē ī„ļī„” ī„¨ī……ī„›ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ąī„ģī……ī„ŗī……ī„œī…„ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗîĨĄ
ī„“ī„ģ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī„ļī…žī„ī„“ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ģī…„ī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļ ī„šī…Ĩī…‡ī„Šī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ Wix ī„ĸ ī„ Squarespace: ī„“ī„ģ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„§ī„ĩī…‰ī„-ī„˜ī„ī„§-ī„§ī…Ĩī…ī„¯ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī„›ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž,
ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„˛ī„¸ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…†ī„’ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„’ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„’ī„Ŧī„ĩī„š ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ Webflow:ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Žī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī…‹ī„Š ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„ēī„›ī…‡ī„ļī…‡ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„Ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…žī„­ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī„ĩī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰.
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Easy2Siksha
4. ī„œ ī„› ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¨ ī„ī„  ī…ƒī„§ī„ž ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī…‹
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī„¯ī…‡ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„œī…‚ī„›ī…‚ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī„Ž:
â€ĸ ī„¸ ī„“ī„ĩī„°ī…Ĩī…‡ī…ƒī„ŗī…œī„:ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‚ī„“ī„ĩī„°ī…Ĩī…‡ī„ŗ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī…‹ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„ąī„ļī…†ī…ƒī„¯ī…Ĩī…œī„Ĩ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„œī…‚ī„›ī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„œī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē
ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Žī…‰ī„¸ī…„ī„ī…‡ī„šī„Ž, ī…ƒī„ ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ, ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī„Ĩī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„¸ī…„ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„¸ī…‚ī„“ī„ĩī„°ī…Ĩī…‡ī…ƒī„ŗī…œī„ ī„“ī„ģ
ī„›ī„ļī„¯ī„Žī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„‘ī„ēī„ļ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„
ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī…‡ī„ī…‚
â€ĸ ī„Žī…‡ī„¸ī…„ī„ī…‡ī„šī„Ž:ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„™ ī…ƒī„› ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ēī„¯ī„šī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„˛ī„¸ī…„ ī„Žī…‰ī„¸ī…„ī„ī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī……ī„Ŗ ī„›ī…ƒī„ļī…žī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„•ī„ģ ī„ļī…žī„˛ ī„ļī…‰ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī„ģ ī„ļī…žī„˛ ī„ĩī„ģī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž
â€ĸ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ą ī„”ī„ļ ī„ĸī„¸ ī„ąī„Ŧī…‡ī„ģī…„:ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚
ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī„ļī„”, ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„ēī„›ī…Ĩī…„ī„Ž ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ģī…‹ī„Šī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ĸī„¸ī…‚ī„ąī„Ŧī…‡ī„ģ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‚ī„¯ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
5. ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī„˜ī„ļī…„ī„ŗī…Šī„Ĩī„ē ī„ ī……ī„Šī…‹ (ī„Ĩ ī„“ī„¯ī…‹ī„ī…Ĩ ī„°ī…„, ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ)
ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„Ŧī„ļī„ ī„ēī„¯ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„ēī„ģī…„ ī„ĩī…œī„, ī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„¯ī…‹ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„°ī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„ ī…žī„Ēī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī…‹ī„Š ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚
ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„“ī„ē ī„ī…žī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Š ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚ ī…ƒī„Žī„˛ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„›ī„¸ī…ˆ ī„ēī„ŗī„Ŗī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž
â€ĸ ī„Ĩ ī„”ī„¯ī…‹ī„ī…Ĩ ī„°ī…„:ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„°ī…Žī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ ī…‹ī„Š ī„›ī„ĩī…‹ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‡ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„§ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī„Ąī…‚ī„Š ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ŗī…‡ī„ļ ī„œī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„’ī„ēī…‚ī„Ž ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„›ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„” ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„°ī…Žī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„ī„Šī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„ēī…„ī„ŗī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„ēī„›ī…„ī„ŗ:ī„“ī„›ī„ēī……ī„ĩī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„¯ī…‰ī„ļī„‘ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ĸī……ī„ŋī…‡ ī„ĩī„ģī…‹ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‡ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„ī„§ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ
ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„ąī„ģī……ī„Ē ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ĩī…œī„ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī„ĩī„ģī…‡ī„ž ī„›ī„ĩī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī…‚ī…€ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„¯ī…‡ī„šī…‡ī„¸ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„œī…‚ī„” ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
â€ĸ ī…ƒī„ ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī…Ĩ ī…ƒī„°ī„›ī„ē: ī„•ī…žī„ -ī„ī……ī„Šī„¸ī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ēī„ēī„¸ī…„ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī„‘ī„¯ī…„ī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī„ģ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„“ī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī…‚
ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī…„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
6. ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…ƒī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī…‹
ī„ļī…‡ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‡ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ, ī„‘ī„ī„ļī…‚ ī„›ī„Ŧī„ŗ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„šī……ī„ĩī…† ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  HTML, CSS, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ JavaScript ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„
ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ēī„›ī…Ĩī…‰ī„  ī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī…‹ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„ąī„ļī„§ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„§ī„ĩī…‰ī„-ī„˜ī„ī„§-
ī„§ī…Ĩī…ī„¯ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹îĨĄ
â€ĸ HTML:ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī„Šī„Ēī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ CSS:ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ēī„Ēī……ī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„ĩī…œī„, ī„°ī…Žī„Ĩ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ļī…‡ī„’ī„•ī„ĨîĨĄ
â€ĸ JavaScript: ī„ēī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„§ī„ĩ, ī„¯ī…ī„¯-ī„‘ī…žī„¯, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī…ƒī„Šī„›ī„Ēī…‚ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ī„’ī„ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„˜ī„›ī…ƒī„Ĩī„¸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„
ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
23
Easy2Siksha
7. ī„˜ī„ēī„”ī„™ ī„ļī„” ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ąī„Š ī„™
ī„˜ī„ēī„”ī„™ (ī„ēī„ĩī„  ī„“ī…œī„ĸī„Ž ī„šī„¯ī„Ĩī…„ī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„ĸī…‡ī„šī„Ž) ī„ī…†ī„ī„ļ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„“ī…œī„ĸī„Šī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī…žī„  ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ĸī…‡ ī„ļī„” ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ
ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„˜ī„ēī„”ī„™ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„ąī„ģī„Ēī„ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„”, ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī„” ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„›ī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„­ī„’ī„Ž
ī„Ŧī…‡ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋ ī„ģī…‰:
â€ĸ ī„›ī…„ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„ē: ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī„ŗī„ī„ĩī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī…œī„ąī…œī…ƒī„­ī„Ē ī„›ī…„ī„¸ī„ĩī„§ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī…‹îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„¯ī…œī„Žī…‚ ī„ēī„¯ī…„ī„§: ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„™ ī…ƒī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„ļī…‹ī„§ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„›ī„•
ī„
ī…ƒī„› ī„ģī…ī„ļī…„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„œī…‹ī„ĸ
ī„“ī…œī„ĸī„Šī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļī„ļī…‡ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ĸī…‡ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ-ī…ƒī„ŗī…žī„Ēī„ĩī„Ēī…‚: ī„ī…†ī„ī„ļ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ēī„ĩī„ĸī…„ī„ģ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”
ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī…ƒī„ļī„Ē ī„ģī„Ž
8. ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ĸ ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ēī…Œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…‚ī„, ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī……ī…ƒī„Žī„šī…ƒī„ ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī……ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…† ī„¨ī…œī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰,
ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī…ƒī„§ī„¸ī…‚ī„”ī„ēī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„žī„ĩī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ēī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„ĸī„›ī……ī„šī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī„›ī„ĩī…‚ī„ē-ī„ąī…Ĩī…‚ī„–ī„žī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļī„Ēī…‚ ī„ļī„” ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„, ī„ŗī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„ĸī„¸ī…‚ī„ąī„Ŧī…‡ī„ģī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ģ ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„
ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‡ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„˜ī„›ī…ƒī„Ĩī„¸ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„“ī„ĩī…‚ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī……ī„Ēī…‚ī„ąī„› ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
9. ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ē ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ļ ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī„Š ī„” ī„ĩī…žī„œī…‹
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ēī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī…‹ī„Š ī„Ēī…Œ ī„ąī…‚ī„‘ī„Ŧ, ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī„  ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹îĨĄ ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„•ī…žī„Ģī…‡
ī„œī„Ēī„ŗ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…„. ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī„ŗī„Ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī…žī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„ī„˛-ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„“ī„ģ
ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ģ ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ ī„ĩī„ģī…‡ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī……ī„ĩī…žī…ƒī„œī„‘ī„Ē ī„ĩī„ģī…‡îĨĄ ī„Ēī…‚ī„žī…‚ ī„ēī„ŗī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Žī…‚, ī„ēī…ī„°ī„Ĩī„¸ī…‡ī„‘ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„¯ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Žī„ī„ĩī…‚ī„Žī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„ļī…‡ī„šī„Š ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„°ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„” ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Š
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī…ƒī„ģī…žī„ēī…‚ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Šī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ĩī„Šī„Žī…„ī„Ēī„› ī„¯ī…Ĩī…ƒī„›ī…ƒī„ĩī„’ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„´ī…‹ī„ĸī„Žī…‚ī„ąī…œī„Ŧī…„, ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž, ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ĩī…žī„œ-
ī„ĩī„œī…‚ī„‘ ī„šī…‚ī„ŗī„ļ ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„‘ī…žī„ĸ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„ĸī…„ī„Ĩī„ļ ī„ļī…Šī„§ī„ēī„›ī…‡ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…‹ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„, ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ēī„Ģī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„
ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„›ī…‹ ī…ƒī„ĸī„ģī…„ī„’ī„ ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī„ģ ī„ēī…œī„ ī…‚ī„ĩ, ī„¸ī„Šī„ĸ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„˛ī…‚ī„”ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī„› ī„šī„ŗī…†ī„ļī…„ī„‘ī„Ē ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ļī…‡ī„Ĩī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗ ī„¸ī„ĸī…Œ
ī„›ī…œī„ŗ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī„¸ī…ƒī„¸ī„’ī„¯ī…„ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„šī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„Ēī…žī„› ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„Š ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ēī…„ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‡ ī„ĩī…ƒī„ģī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„›
ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Ž ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„•ī…žī„¯ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…žī„ēī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„›ī„Ŧī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…‚ī„ļī„Šī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„›ī…‡, ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„¸ī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ļī…‹ī„ŋī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…„ī…ƒī„ ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
24
Easy2Siksha
8. HTML ī„ēī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ģī…‡ī„Ļ ī…ƒī„ļī„œī…‡ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„ą ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ ī„ĩī„  ī„›ī„ĩī…‹:
(I) ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī„ī……ī„Š
(ii) ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„° ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē
(iii) ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„îĨĄ
ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ:HTML ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„˜ī„ļī…„ī„ŗī…Šī„Ĩī„ē ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„˛ī…†ī…ƒī„ŗī„›ī…‚
HTML ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī…‚ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ĩī…„ī„ŋī…§ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…žī„§ī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‚ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„§ī„žī…‚ī„”ī„Ž
ī„Ēī…žī„Ēī…‚ī„, ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī„ĩī„˜ī„›ī…ƒī„Ĩī„¸ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ēī…„ī…ƒī„Žī„­ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„—ī„›ī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„’ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„’ī„• HTML ī„Ŧī…‡
ī…ƒī„Ēī…œī„Ž ī„ŗī……ī…žī„œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ģī„ļī…†ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī……ī„ąī„›ī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī…„ī„— ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ ī…œī„ī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ī…‚ī„ ī„ēī„Ĩī…Ĩī„›ī„ ī„ĩī„§ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„œ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„›ī„ĩī„šī„› ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī„¯ī…‡ī„ĸ
ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī„Ž: ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„, ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„îĨĄ
(I) ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī„ī……ī„Š
HTML ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„ī„Ē HTML ī„Ēī…žī„Ē 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„œī…‚ī„ē CSS ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…† ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž
ī„ļī„” ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…žī„œī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļī„šī…„ī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ąī„ĸī…‚ī„—, ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„“ī…žī„› HTML ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„­ī…‡ CSS ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī…ƒī„¸ī„­ī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„š ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī…ƒī„ļī…œī„ ī„ļī„” ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī„Ŧī…Œ
ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„Žī„¸ī…„
ī„
ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„ē ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„’ī„”ī„§ī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„— ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„š ī„Ēī…žī„Ēī…‚ī„ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ļī…žī„œī„Š ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…† ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ ī…‚ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ ī„Ēī…‚ī„
ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ļī…‚ī„˛ī„Ŧī…‚ī„“ī„› ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ēī…œī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ē ī„•ī„Ŧ ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž:
HTML
ī„•ī„¯ī„ĩī…‹ī„›ī„Ē ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ , <p> ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ 20 ī…ƒī„¯ī„›ī„ēī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„°ī…Žī„Ĩ ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„Žī…„ī„ļī…‡ ī„ĩī…œī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ 
ī…ƒī„Ŧī„œī…‚ī„” ī„Ŧī…‡ī„¸ī…‡ī„ī…‚îĨĄ
ī„° ī„“ī„Ŧī…‡:
1. ī„Ēī…‡ī„ž ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„žī…‡ī„šī„Ž: ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„ąī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī…„ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļī„šī…„ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī…‡ ī…ƒī„ąī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„Ŧī…„ ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ēī…‡ī„žī…„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ
ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹îĨĄ
2. ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„™ī„¸ī„ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰: ī„“ī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ (ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē)
ī„•ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩī…†ī„Žī…„ ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„™ī„¸ī„ĩī„ĩī…‚ī„”ī„§ ī„›ī„ĩ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ĸ ī„ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
â€ĸ ī„ĩī…œī„: ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„°ī…Žī„Ĩ-ī„ēī…‚ī„”ī„ž: ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ąī„Ŧī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ ī„ąī…‰ī„›ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„§-ī„ĩī…œī„: ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„ļī„” ī„ąī…‰ī„›ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„§ ī„ĩī…œī„ ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
25
Easy2Siksha
â€ĸ ī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī…ƒī„ĸī„Ž/ī„¯ī…‰ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„: ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„ļī…‡-ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ļī…‡ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„˜ī„§ī„ĸī„ēī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„ģī…‚ī„ļī…‚ī„ī…ƒī„›, ī„“ī„ģ ī„Žī…‹ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„žī„’ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ HTML ī„›ī…‹ī„§ ī„Žī…†ī…œ
ī„ąī…‡ī„Ēī„ĩī„Ēī…„ī„ą ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„” ī„ĩī…žī„œī„Šī…‚ ī„ŗī……ī„šī„›ī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„¸ī…žī„§ī…‡ ī„¯ī…‰ī„ŗī…‚ī„Žī…‡ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī…‹ī„ĸī…‰ī„›ī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„”, ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…ˆī„Ŧī„ĩī…„ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ
'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„ąī…œī…ƒī„­ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ąī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī…„ CSS ī„°ī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī…ƒī„ąī„ģī„Ēī„ĩ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
(II) ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„° ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē
HTML ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļ ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī„ŗ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„§ī…‡ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ąī„¯ī…‡ī„ĸ 'ī„Ēī…‡
ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„œ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Žī„´ī…œī„Ēī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„ĩī„Ģ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ
'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ģī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž, ī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ī„Š ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī…ƒī„Ēī„’ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ī„— ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„° ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē:
1. <b> (ī„ąī…‹ī„ļī„§):
o ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ąī…‹ī„ļī„§ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„¸ī…‚ī„­ī…† ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <b>ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„ąī…‹ī„ļī„§ ī„ģī…‰</b>
2. <strong>(ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ):
o <b> ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„“ī„ģ ī„ēī…œī„›ī…‡ī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <strong>ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„ŗī„ģī…žī„Ēī„¸ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ģī…‰!</strong>
3. <i> (ī„“ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„ļī„›):
o ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„Ēī„ĩī„Ąī…‚ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ēī„›ī„Žī…„ī„›ī…„ ī„šī„ąī„Ŧī…‚ī„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„”
ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <i>ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„“ī„Ĩī…‚ī…ƒī„ļī„› ī„ģī…‰</i>
4. <em> (ī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ē ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ):
o <i> ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Ž ī„ģī…‰, ī„¯ī„ĩ ī„“ī„ģ ī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī…ƒī„ĸī„ē ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„ĩī„Ģ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„ēī„¯ī…žī„šī„Ĩ
ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <em>ī„“ī„ē ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„žī…‹ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰</em>
5. <mark> (ī„•ī„ĸ ī„ī„ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ē ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ):
o ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ŗī…‚ī„ĩī„›ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„Ž, ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¸ī…žī„œī„ĩī…‡ ī„ąī…‰ī„›ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„§ ī„ĩī…œī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <mark>ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„ģī…‚ī„”ī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ĩ ī„›ī…„ī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰</mark>
6. <small> (ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ):
o ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‡ ī„°ī…Žī„Ĩ ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī„ĩī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„‘ī„›ī„ēī„ĩ ī„ąī…‡ī„Ŧī…‚ī„‘ī„¸ī…‚ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ēī…‰ī„›ī…œī„§ī„ĩī…„
ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
26
Easy2Siksha
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <small>ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ąī…‹ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„ģī…‰</small>
7. <del> (ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩ ī„— ī„ī„— ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ):
o ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩī…‚ ī„ēī„Ĩī…Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„›, ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰ ī…ƒī„› ī„“ī„ēī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī„Ĩī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ģī……ī„Š ī„¨ī……ī„›ī„¸ī…‚ī„
ī„Žī„ģī…„
ī„
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <del>ī„“ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„ŗī„Ĩī…‚ ī…ƒī„Ŧī…žī„Ēī…‚ ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰</del>
8. <sub> (ī„ēī„ąī„ēī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩ) ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ <sup> (ī„ēī……ī„¯ī„ĩī„ēī…ƒī„›ī…Ĩī„¯ī„Ĩ):
o ī„ī…ƒī„Šī„Ēī„› ī„ēī„ŗī…„ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ī„, ī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„“ī„Šī„› ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…†ī„ļī…‡ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„°ī……ī„Ĩī„Žī…‹ī„Ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī„ĩī…ƒī„Ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: H<sub>2</sub>O (ī„¯ī…‚ī„Šī…„ ī„ļī„”), E = mc<sup>2</sup>
ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ ī…Œ ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„› ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ļī„ŋī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„•ī„Ŧī…‡ī„š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ēī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„•ī„ģ ī„Žī…‚ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī…€
ī„¯ī„ŋī…§ī„Žī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž ī„ąī„ļī…ƒī„› ī„¯ī…‚ī„Ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„ĩī„Ģī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī„ĩī„Ģī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„¸ī…„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„¯ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī„ēī„›ī…Ĩī…„ī„Ž
ī„ĩī…„ī„§ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚ ī„ēī…‚ī„­ī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„žī„ĩī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„“ī„ģ ī„‘ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„¸ī…‚ī„ļī…‡ ī„ļī…‹ī„›ī…‚ī„ ī„ļī„” ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡
ī„ēī…œī„ŗī…ƒī„ļī„Ē ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī„Ŧī„Ŧ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰
(III) ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„
HTML ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‚ī„ī„Ē ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„¸ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī„ĩī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„“ī…žī„›
ī„šī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„§ī…‚ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„›ī…‚ī„ļī„ŗ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰,
ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī„œī…‚ī„ē ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„ŗī…‚ī„-ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„, ī…ƒī„ĩī„¯ī…‹ī„ĩī„Ĩī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„›ī„ŋī…‚ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„Šī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„œī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„“ī…žī„› HTML ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ŗī…†ī„ļ ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‚:
html
ī„“ī„ē ī„•ī„Ŧ ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„ :
â€ĸ <table>: ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ <tr> (ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩ): ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„“ī…žī„› ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
27
Easy2Siksha
â€ĸ <th> (ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī„ļī…‡ī„œ): ī„“ī…žī„› ī…ƒī„ēī„ĩī„ļī…‡ī„œ ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…ƒī„ĩī„˛ī…‚ī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰, ī„ĸī…‹ ī„’ī„ŗ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī…‹ī„ļī„§ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡
ī„›ī…ˆī„Ŧī…ƒī„ĩī„Ē ī„ģī……ī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
â€ĸ <td> (ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚): ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„‘ī„ēī„ļ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī„ĩī„ēī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„’ī„ŗ ī„ē ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
1. ī„ēī„ĩī„ģī…žī„Ŧ:ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ļī…‡ ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī„§ī„ĩ ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <table border="1"> ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ļī…‡ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī„§ī„ĩ ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
2. ī„ēī…‰ī„ļī„¯ī…‰ī…ƒī„§ī…œī„:ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ē ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī„§ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī„ē ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <table cellpadding="10"> ī„ģī„ĩī…‡ī„› ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„ļī…‡-ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ļī…‡
ī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī„ē ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
3. ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„:ī…ƒī„¸ī„‘ī„›ī„Ēī…„ī„ī„Ē ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī„ ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī„ē ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„Ĩ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž: <ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļī„ēī„¯ī…‡ī…ƒī„ēī…œī„="5"> ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ 5 ī…ƒī„¯ī„›ī„ēī„ļ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
4. colspan ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ rowspan:ī„›ī„” ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…Ĩī„ŗī„¸ī…‚ī„ĩ ī…ƒī„œī…ƒī„Ēī„ĸī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ļī…œī„ąī„›ī…‚ī„ĩī…„ ī„ĩī…†ī„¯ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī…ƒī„ŗī„ļī…‚ī„™îĨĄ
o colspan="2" ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„›ī…‚ī„ļī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„°ī…‰ī„ļī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
o rowspan="2" ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…‰ī…žī„ļ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„°ī…‰ī„ļī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„•ī„Ŧ ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž:
html
ī„›ī…‹ī„§ ī„› ī„¯ī…„ ī„›ī„ĩī…‹
ī„“ī„ģ ī„•ī„Ŧī…‚ī„ģī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„›ī…‚ī„ļī„ŗī…‚ī„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„Ŧī…‹ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…‚ī„ļ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī„­ī…‚ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
CSS ī„Ŧī…„
ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—, ī„ąī…‰ī„›ī„ī…Ĩī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„§ ī„ĩī…œī„, ī„ąī…‚ī„ĩī„§ī„ĩ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„¸ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ĸī…‹ī„ŋī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„— ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩ
ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹îĨĄ
28
Easy2Siksha
ī„•ī…žī„Žī„Ē ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ē ī„¸ ī„:
1. ī„Žī…‡ī„ēī„Ĩī„§ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ:ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī…ƒī„›ī„ēī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩ ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„‘ī…œī„Ŧī„ĩ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„ēī…‚ī„ĩī„Šī…„ ī„ĩī…žī„œ ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹, ī„ĸī…‹ ī…ƒī„› ī„ī……ī…œī„Ŗī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚
ī„ļī…‡ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩ ī„ļī„” ī„•ī„¯ī„´ī…‹ī„ī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
2. ī„ĸī„¸ ī„ąī„Ŧī…‡ī„ģ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ:CSS ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ąī…†ī„Ĩī„ēī„Ĩī„ĩī…‰ī„¯ ī„¸ī„ĩī„ī…‡ ī„°ī„ĩī…‡ī„ŗī„¸ī„ĩī„› ī„Ŧī…„ ī„¸ī„ĩī„Ēī…Œ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„—, ī„Ēī……ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„ąī„Šī…‚
ī„ēī„›ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ ī„ĸī…‹ ī„ēī„›ī…Ĩī…„ī„Ž ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„›ī…‚ī„ĩ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„’ī„­ī…‚ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ļī…‡ī„’ī„•ī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„¸ī„ēī…ƒī„Ģī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ
ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„¸ī…žī„œ-ī„¸ī…žī„œ ī„ī„ļī…‹ī„ąī„ļ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„¸ī…Šī„Ĩ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„ĸī„¸ī…ˆ ī…ƒī„› ī„›ī„ļī…‚ī„ē, ī„’ī„”.ī„§ī…„., ī„šī„Žī„›ī…ƒī„ļī…žī„›, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ģī…‹ī„ĩī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…‚ ī„¸ī…„
ī„ēī„ŗī„ĩī„Ģī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„¸ī„­ī…‡ī„ĩī…‡ ī„¯ī„ĩī„ēī„¯ī„ĩ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī…ƒī„ļī…œī„ ī„ēī…œī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„Žī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„Ŧī…„ ī„“ī„ĸī…‚ī„žī„Ē ī…ƒī„Ŧī…œī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„Ž
ī…ƒī„ēī…žī„Ĩ
HTML ī„Ŧī…‡ ī„šī…‰ī„ļī…„ ī„ī……ī„Š, ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„Ĩī…‰ī„ ī„¸ī…‰ī…žī„ą 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„ēī…œī„ī…ƒī„Ļī„Ē, ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„¯ī„ģī……ī…œī„ ī„´ī…‹ī„
ī„ēī„ŗī…žī„ī„ĩī…„ ī„ąī„Šī…‚ī„•ī„Š ī„ļī„” ī„ąī……ī…ƒī„Žī„’ī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„ēī„Ĩī…‚ī„”ī„ļ ī…ƒī„¸ī„šī…‡ī„šī„Ēī…‚ī„¸ī…‚ī„ ī„“ī„Žī„ļī…‚ī„”ī„Ž ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩī„ŗī…‚ī„”ī„žī…‡ī„šī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„ļī„ ī„›ī„Ēī…‚
ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī…‚ī„Ž ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…„ī„’ī„ ī„ģī„Ž, ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„°ī…‚ī„ĩī„ŗī…‰ī…ƒī„Ĩī…œī„ ī„Ēī…žī„Ē ī„Ĩī…‰ī„›ī„ēī„Ĩ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„‘ī„ĩī„Ģī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī„Ž ī„‘ī„ĩī„Ģ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī…ƒī„¸ī„žī…†ī„‘ī„ļ ī„‘ī„¯ī…„ī„ļ ī„¸ī„­ī…‚ī„•
ī„
ī„Ŧī…‡
ī„ģī„Ž, ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„Ĩī…‡ī„ąī„ļ ī„ī……ī…œī„Ŗī„ļī„Ŧī…‚ī„ĩ ī„§ī…‡ī„Ĩī…‚ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„Ŧī„ĩī…ƒī„šī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„ļī„” ī„“ī…žī„› ī„¨ī…‚ī„ī„ ī…‚ī„ī„Ē ī„Ēī„ĩī…„ī„›ī…‚ ī„¯ī…‡ī„š ī„›ī„ĩī„Ŧī…‡ ī„ģī„ŽîĨĄ ī„“ī„ģī„Žī…‚ī„
ī„Ēī…žī„Ēī…‚ī„ ī…ƒī„¸ī…žī„  ī„ŗī……ī„ģī…‚ī„ĩī„Ē ī„ģī…‚ī„ēī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Žī…‚ ī„¯ī…Ĩī„˛ī…‚ī„¸ī„šī…‚ī„ļī…„ ī„‘ī„Ēī…‡ ī„•ī„¯ī„˛ī…‹ī„ī„Ēī…‚-ī„‘ī„Žī……ī„›ī…†ī„ļ ī„¸ī…‰ī„ą ī„¯ī…‡ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī…ƒī„¸ī„›ī„ēī„Ē ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī……ī…œī„ĸī…„
ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ
ī„Žī…‹ī„Ĩ: ī„“ī„ģ ī„•ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ ī„¯ī…žī„Ēī„ĩ ī„¯ī…†ī„ĩī…„ ī„Ēī„ĩī…§ ī„ Ai ī„Ŧī……ī„’ī„ĩ ī„ģī…žī„ļ ī„›ī…„ī„Ē ī…ƒī„ī„’ ī„ģī…‰ (ī„’ī„ĩī„Ĩī…„ī„°ī…„ī„šī…„ī„‘ī„ļ ī„“ī…œī„Ĩī…‰ī„ļī…„ī„ĸī…Šī„ē) ī„“ī„ē ī„ļī„” ī„ĸī…‡ī„›ī„ĩ ī„Ēī……ī„ģī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„›ī…‹ī„” ī„ī„ļī„Ēī…„ ī„ĸī…‚ī„
ī„ī„ļī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„ŗī„ļī„Ŧī…„ ī„ģī…‰îĨĄ ī„ēī…‚ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„“ī…žī„› ī„°ī…„ī„§ī„ąī…‰ī„› ī„ēī„ąī…œī„­ī„Ē ī„ī„ļī„Ēī…„ ī…ƒī„Ŧī„™, ī„‘ī„ēī…„
ī„
ī„´ī„›ī…„ī„Žī…„ ī„Ēī…ī„ĩ 'ī„Ēī…‡ ī„“ī„ē ī„ēī„ŗī…žī…ƒī„ēī„’ ī„ĸī…‚ī„ ī„ī„ļī„Ēī…„ ī„Žī…†ī…œ ī„ģī…žī„ļ ī„›ī„ĩī„Ž ī„Ŧī…„ ī„›ī…‹ī…ƒī„šī„š ī„›ī„ĩī…‚ī„ī„ī…‡îĨĄ